展望第四代核能系统之一：超临界水冷堆

——专访彭士禄院士

本刊记者　李照煦　卫广刚

Future outlook of the fourth-generation nuclear energy

systems: Supercritical water-cooled reactor

—Special interview with academician PENG Shilu

秦山三期（重水堆）核电站的技术改进

张振华

（秦山第三核电有限公司，浙江海盐 314300）

摘要：秦山三期（重水堆）核电站工程是国家“九五”期间重点建设项目，是我国首座商用重水堆核电站，也是中国和加拿大两国政府间迄今最大的贸易项目。工程采用成熟的加拿大CANDU-6重水堆核电技术，以韩国月城3、4号机组为参考电站。由于厂址条件的不同、国情的不同、标准规范的差异以及CANDU-6重水堆核电站设计相对定型早、运行反馈少等原因，在机组商运初期电站的安全稳定运行受到了较大的挑战。面对严峻的形势，秦山第三核电有限公司组织力量对影响核电站安全稳定运行的隐患、热点，进行了针对性的分析和研究，积极有效地开展变更改造和技术改进工作，极大地改善了机组安全性能，优化了机组配置，并创造了一定的经济效益。本文介绍了秦山第三核电有限公司所开展的重大变更改造和技术改进项目，以及实施后的效果，可供同类项目参考和借鉴。

关键词：秦山三期重水堆；核电站；技术改进

中图分类号：TL423 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0292-05

Technical improvement in Qinshan Phase Ⅲ nuclear

power plant after commercial operation

ZHANG Zhen-hua

(Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd.，Haiyan of Zhejiang Prov. 314300, China)

Abstract: Qinshan NPP Phase III (PHWR) Project is one of the national key projects during the “9th Five-year Plan”, the first commercial heavy water reactor nuclear power plant in China, and the biggest trade project between China and Canada. Qinshan Phase III Project adopts the proven CANDU-6 reactor technology and refers to Wolsong Unit 3 and Unit 4 in Korea. Because of the difference of the site condition and standards, specific country situation and lack of operation feedback, it is greatly challenged to keep the safe and stable operation of Qinshan Phase III plant during earlier commercial operation. Qinshan Phase III analyzed and investigated the hidden troubles and hotspots, proposed the modifications and technical improvements, and great improvements were achieved in safety performance, operating performance, and economic efficiency. This paper describes the important modifications and technical improvements in Qinshan Phase III, and the effects after implementation, which can serve as reference to similar projects.

Key words: Qinshan Phase III (PHWR); nuclear power plant; technical improvement

核电站关键设备电机轴承润滑与寿命分析

程义岩，杨 杰

（秦山核电有限公司，浙江 海盐 314300）

摘要: 分析了影响滚动轴承（以下简称轴承）使用寿命的各种因素，阐述了轴承的润滑原理，研究了导致轴承过早失效的原因及所带来的危害，以此揭示轴承润滑对轴承使用寿命的影响。对如何通过改善轴承的润滑来提高轴承运行的可靠性与使用寿命进行了探讨，为今后核电设备的维护与检修提供一些可借鉴的经验和方法。

关键词: 核级电机；滚动轴承；轴承润滑；轴承寿命

中图分类号：TK26 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0297-08

Lubrication and lifespan analysis for key equipment

motor bearings in nuclear power plant

CHENG Yi-yan, YANG Jie

(Qinshan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Haiyan of Zhejiang Prov. 314300, China)

Abstract: In this paper, all factors influencing the service life of rolling bearing (hereinafter referred to as bearing) are analyzed, fundamentals of bearing lubrication are expounded, and reasons resulting in premature failure of bearing and the hazard are analyzed, by right of which the influence of bearing lubrication on the service life are revealed, the way to increase the bearing operation reliability and service life through improving the lubrication is discussed,and some referential experiences and methods are provided for future nuclear power equipment maintenance and repair.

Key words: nuclear-class motor；rolling bearing；bearing lubrication；bearing life

核电建设企业综合管理

信息平台的设计与应用

陈 琪

(中国核工业第二三建设公司，河北 三河 065201)

摘要：核电建设企业信息化管理经过20世纪末的高速发展，完成了众多应用管理信息系统，但大多局限于单项目管理，形成一个个信息孤岛，相互之间缺乏有效的信息沟通。随着国家对核电建设的积极推进，企业充分运用信息技术对管理的各个层级进行有效整合,实现人、财、物等资源的深度开发，并不断推动组织机构的变革,使企业不断地提升管理理念以适应新的竞争环境。

关键词：核电建设企业；综合管理信息平台；管理信息系统；网络平台

中图分类号：TL37 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0305-13

The design and application of integrated management

information platform for nuclear power construction

enterprise

CHEN Qi

(China Nuclear Industry 23rd Construction Corporation,

Sanhe of Hebei Prov. 065201, China)

Abstract: After the rapid development of information management of nuclear power construction enterprise at the end of last century, a large number of application management information systems were completed. But most of them were confined to a single project management, which formed separated information islands, and was lack of effective communication. As nuclear power construction has been actively promoted in China, enterprises make full use of information technology for effective integration of management at all levels to achieve the indepth development in human, financial, and material resources and to steadily promote the organizational reform, so that enterprises can constantly improve their management concepts to adapt to the new competitive environment.

Key words: nuclear power construction enterprise；integrated management information

platform；management information system；network platform

优化秦山三期生产计划及风险控制管理

周 军

(秦山第三核电有限公司，浙江　海盐　314300)

摘要：秦山三期为优化电站日常生产计划管理，强化维修工作的风险分析，提高计划执行力，采取了一些优化和改进措施，包括将发电、换料、定期试验、维修等各项计划统一管理，简化缺陷等级、减少缺陷处理的中间环节，加强对计划执行的考核及采取星级绩效评价等措施。

关键词：核电站优化管理；生产计划；风险控制；星级绩效评价

中图分类号：TM623 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0318-06

Optimization of the production plan and risk control

in Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.

ZHOU Jun

(Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Haiyan of Zhejiang Prov. 314300，China)

Abstract: Some optimized and improved measures have been taken in Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. (TQNPC) to optimize the routine production plan management, strengthen the maintenance work risk analysis, and improve the plan execution capability. Which involve unified management of generation, refueling, periodic test and maintenance plans; simplifying the defect scale and reducing the intermediate link of defect treatment; intensifying the appraisal on plan execution and adopting star performance evaluation and merit rating measures. In this paper, the above-mentioned improvement and optimization are introduced comprehensively and systematically.

Key words: nuclear power plant optimization; management production plan; risk control; performance evaluation and merit rating

一回路测量仪表应用方面的三个问题

蔡云达，董世友

（江苏核电有限公司，江苏 连云港 222042）

摘要：结合田湾核电站一期工程项目调试和运行经验，介绍了WWER-1000机组一回路测量仪表应用与维护方面的3个问题，即快速响应温度计的原理和性能、ROSEMOUNT电容式差压变送器高静压修正和含硼介质工艺参数测量，以及利用数字化控制系统提供的实时显示、数据记录和回路诊断功能处理测量问题的经验和效果评估。

关键词：一回路；快速响应温度计；高静压修正；含硼介质工艺参数测量

中图分类号：TL99 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0324-06

Three issues related to application of measuring

instruments in the primary loop

CAI Yun-da, DONG Shi-you

(Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation, No.28 Haitang Middle Road, Lianyun

District, Lianyungang of Jiangsu Prov. 222042, China)

Abstract: Based on the experience of commissioning and operation of TNPS Phase I, this paper present three issues related to application and maintenance of measuring instruments in the primary loop of WWER-1000 reactors: the principle and performance of rapid response temperature gauges, the high line pressure correction of ROSEMOUNT capacitance differential pressure transmitters and the boric water technical parameter measurement, as well as the experience and effect evaluation of dealing with the measuring problems using the real time indication, data recording and circuit diagnosis function provided by the digital control systems.

Key words: primary loop； rapid response temperature gauge；high line pressure correction；boric water technical parameter measurement

AP1000设备技术转让与国产化

过程中的风险管理浅析

高永军¹，关 锐²

(1.中国电能成套设备有限公司 北京 100011；

2.中核集团西安核设备有限公司 陕西　西安 710021)

摘要:结合我国引进的第三代核电站技术A P1000项目的招标、评标及合同谈判过程，浅析了AP1000设备技术转让及国产化过程中可能存在的风险因素，论述了风险的分类、评估和分析方法，提出了一些风险防范的基本思路，对AP1000核电项目设备技术转让及国产化实施的风险管理具有一定参考价值。

关键词: AP1000设备；技术转让与国产化；风险管理

中图分类号：TL36 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0330-06

Analysis of risk management during AP1000

equipment technology transfer and localization

GAO Yong-jun^１；GUAN Rui^２

(1.China Power Complete Equipment Co., Ltd.， Beijing 100011，China；

2.Xi’an Nuclear Equipment Co., Ltd.，CNNC, Xi’an of Shaanxi Prov.

710021，China)

Abstract：This article analyzes the risk factors existing in AP1000 equipment technology transfer and localization process by describing the invitation for bid, tender evaluation and contract negotiation process of the third-generation nuclear power plant technology introduction project of China and discusses the classification, evaluation and analysis methods of risks，and puts forward some referential suggestions for the successful introduction of equipment technology for AP1000 nuclear project.

Key words：AP1000 equipment； technology transfer and localization； risk management

我国核电项目建设管理模式研究

王　凯¹，陈　炼²

（1.大唐国际发电股份有限公司，北京 100140；2.清华大学，北京 100084）

摘要：项目管理模式在电力工程建设，特别是核电工程建设中，具有十分重要的作用。从权、责、利的角度分析比较常见工程项目建设管理模式的差异，概述了我国核电项目通常采用的建设管理模式，并结合福建宁德核电项目的工程实践和管理经验，对核电项目建设管理模式的选择方法进行了论述。

关键词：项目管理模式；核电建设

中图分类号：TL37 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0336-05

Study on nuclear power plant project construction

and management mode in China

WANG Kai¹, CHEN Lian²

(1. Datang International Power Generation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100140, China;

2. Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract: Project management mode plays a key role in project construction, especially in nuclear power field. From the aspects of right, responsibility and benefit, this paper discussed the differences among the common used project management modes. Also the main kinds of the construction management modes used in China’s nuclear power plants were summarized. At last, considering the experience of Ningde nuclear power plant, this paper put forward several perspectives about the selection of project management mode in nuclear power plant construction.

Key words: project management mode; nuclear power plant construction

田湾核电站失去厂外电源事故处理

张 迅，顾颖宾

（江苏核电有限公司，江苏　连云港　222042）

摘要：考虑到核电站在安全方面的重要性，在核电站的厂用负荷电源的设计中，通常设计为多电源的冗余配置，以保证在事故工况下维持核反应堆的安全和放射性的包容。因此，在田湾核电站的设计中，厂外电源就包括了从500 kV侧引入的主电源和从220 kV侧引入的备用电源。如果两路外电源同时失去的情况下，将只能依靠电站本身的安全系统柴油机来维持反应堆堆芯的安全，将对机组的安全系数产生较大的影响。针对2009年10月31日田湾核电站1号机组满功率情况下发生的同时失去所有厂外电源的事故情况，阐述运行人员应如何应对和处理这种事故，以达到反应堆安全停堆的效果；并针对实际过程中发生的异常，探讨系统改进及操作方面的优化。

关键词：核电站；厂外电源；满功率；安全停堆

中图分类号：TL36 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0341-07

Emergency managemement of losing external power

supply incident of Tianwan nuclear power station

ZHANG Xun，GU Ying-bin

(Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation，Lianyungang of Jiangsu Prov. 222042，China)

Abstract: Considering the importance of nuclear power station in terms of security, the auxiliary power supply in nuclear power station is normally designed for multiple power redundancy, so as to ensure safe-keeping of nuclear reactor and containment of radioactive. Therefore, in Tianwan nuclear power station design, offsite power source include wire connected from East china 500 kV grid and backup 220 kV power. In case that both power sources are lost at the same time, the safety of reactor core could only be kept by power station’s own safe system, and it would have great influence on unit’s safety factor. For the accident that all offsite power source are lost in unit one of Tianwan nuclear power station under full power condition at Oct.31th, 2009, the question that how operator should deal with such problem so as to reach the purpose to shutdown reactor safely is described in this paper. For

failures occurred during actual process, the improvement of system and optimization in terms of operation are discussed.

Key words: nuclear power station；offsite power source；full power；safetyshutdown reactor

核事故应急情况下快速确定

辐射剂量率场的方法及其应用

仲崇军，苟全录，张鹏飞，李　冰

（江苏核电有限公司，江苏　连云港　222042）

摘要：介绍并分析了在核事故应急情况下，应急辐射监测和事故后果评价两种确定辐射剂量率场的方法及存在的不足，根据估算照射率场分布的方法引出快速估算辐射剂量率场的计算方法，并对其在事故应急和演习中的应用进行了分析。

关键词：核事故；辐射；应急；剂量率场

中图分类号：TL36　文献标识码：Ａ　文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0348-06

The method of rapidly determining radiation dose rate

fi eld under nuclear accident emergency situation and

its application

ZHONG Chong-jun，GOU Quan-lu，ZHANG Peng-fei，LI Bing

(Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation,Lianyungang of Jiangsu Prov.222042,China)

Abstract: The paper presents and analyzes two methods (emergency radiological monitoring and accident consequence assessment) to determine dose rate field under the nuclear accident emergency situation and their deficiencies. According to estimated irradiation rate field, the calculation method of quick estimate of dose rate field is generated and its application in emergency and maneuver is analyzed.

Key words：nuclear accident；radiation； emergency；dose rate field

秦山第二核电厂燃料组件运行经验

何明智

（核电秦山联营有限公司，浙江　海盐　314300）

摘要：本文介绍秦山第二核电厂（QSⅡ）使用的AFA2G / AFA3G 17×17型燃料组件的制造质量控制、换料大修燃料管理、已辐照燃料组件检查、运行燃料组件完整性跟踪、乏燃料贮存等燃料组件运行经验。秦山第二核电厂通过一系列严格的燃料管理和遵循运行技术规格书运行燃料组件，到目前为止，已经入堆运行的600组燃料组件没有一组发生破损，一直保持“零破损堆芯”的良好业绩。

关键词：核电厂；燃料组件；燃料管理；运行经验

中图分类号：TM623　文献标识码：Ａ　文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0354-09

Fuel assembly operation experience in Qinshan II

HE Ming-zhi

（Technical Dept. of Qinshan Nuclear Power Joint-Venture Company,

P.O.Box 602, Haiyan of Zhejiang Prov. 314300，China）

Abstract：This paper introduces the operation experience of AFA2G/AFA3G 17×17 fuelassembly in Qinshan II, including the quality control, fuel management during refueling outage,inspection of irradiated fuel assembly, the tracing of integrity of in-service fuel assembly,storage of spent fuel, etc. Through a series of strict fuel management and operating the fuel assembly according to the operating technical specifications, none of the 600 fuel assemblies which are already in the reactor has been broken up to now. And the reactor cores have kept an outstanding record of “zero break”.

Key words：nuclear power plant；fuel assembly；fuel management；operation experience

电力建设项目经济评价

与电价测算有关问题研究

刘江华

（中国核科技信息与经济研究院，北京　100048）

摘要：电力建设项目经济评价和电价测算在原理上相似，方法上相同，但二者的立足点却是有明显区别的。本文旨在论述电力建设项目经济评价与电价测算各有侧重，不应混为一谈，并阐述了目前电价定价机制的一些不足，需要在电力市场的改革发展中不断完善和改进。

关键词：电力建设项目；经济评价；电价测算

中图分类号：F4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0363-05

Study on the economical evaluation of power

construction project and the price estimates

LIU Jiang-hua

(Economic Analysis Department of China Institute of Nuclear Information

& Economics，Beijing 100048, China)

Abstract：The economic evaluation of power construction project is similar to electricity price calculation in the method and principle, but the aim of both is significantly different. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different emphases of economic evaluation of power construction project and electricity price calculation, which should not be confused. And some insufficiencies of the present electricity pricing mechanism which needs to improve continuously in the electric power market reform are also elaborated.

Key words：power project; economical evaluation; price estimate

核电站三维模型在进度计划管理中的应用

年发扬

（山东核电有限公司，山东 海阳 265100）

摘要：三维技术在被广泛用于设计的同时，设计成果三维模型也包含了大量可用于施工的信息。通过可视化的界面，三维模型可被用于工程施工的各个方面。通过将三维模型与工程进度计划关联，生成四维模型的方法，可实现工程进度计划的可视化管理。

关键词：核电站；三维模型；四维模型；可视化；AP1000

中图分类号：TL411 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0368-03

Application of 3D model in the schedule management

of nuclear power plant construction

NIAN Fa-yang

(Shandong Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Haiyang of Shandong Prov. 265100，China)

Abstract: While 3D technology has been widely used in engineering design, the 3D model of engineering design also includes information that can be used to construction. By the visual interface, the 3D model can be used in different aspects of construction. By linking the 3D model with the construction schedule, the 4D model can be created, through which the visual manage of the construction schedule can be achieved.

Key words: nuclear power plant；3D model；4D model；visualization；AP1000

世界核电主要堆型技术沿革

张锐平¹，张 雪¹，张禄庆²

（1.中国核科技信息与经济研究院，北京 100048；

2.中国核工业集团公司科技委，北京 100822）

摘要：介绍了世界核电主要反应堆堆型的工作原理、研发历史、现状及发展趋势，重点放在我国和世界核电的主力堆型——压水堆上。还介绍了正在研发的第四代核能系统。

关键词：世界核电；主要堆型；研发历史；现状和发展趋势

中图分类号：TL42 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-1617(2009)04-0371-09

Technical evolution of leading nuclear power reactor

types in the world

ZHANG Rui-ping¹，ZHANG Xue¹，ZHANG Lu-qing²

(1.China Institute of Nuclear Information and Economics，Beijing 100048，China；

2.STC of China National Nuclear Corporation，Beijing 100822，China)

Abstract：General introduction, history, status and trend of development for the abovementioned reactor types were described respectively in the paper. The focus was put on the PWR type being used mostly in China and in the world. At last, generation Ⅳ nuclear energy systems were described simply.